Pathophysiology for Dental Students 1

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2023-2024

Topic

Pathophysiology for dental studens-1 connects basic functional and clinical subjects. Together with other preclinical subjects, it deals mainly with etiology, time-course, clinical symptoms and possible pharmacological or other interventions related to abnormalities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological and renal systems, as well as with disorders of salt/water and pH balance.

Lectures

• 1. Pathophysiology of circulation for dentists. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 2. Heart failure. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 3. Peripheral circulatory failure: vasovagal syncope, circulatory shock (definition, forms and their causes, phases). - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 4. The consequences of circulatory shock. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 5. Failure of the coronary circulation: reversible and irreversible complications. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 6. Pathophysiology of the cerebral and pulmonary circulation. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 7. Hypertension. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 8. Arrhythmias in the dental practice. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 9. Pathophysiology of the respiratory system for dentists. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 10. Regulation of breathing, sleep apnea syndrome. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 11. Respiratory failure and its pathomechanisms and consequences. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 12. Alveolar hypoventilation. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 13. Obstructive and restrictive respiratory disorders. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 14. Alveolar hyperventilation. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 15. Pathophysiology of h ered blood cell system. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 16. Anemias. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 17. Polycythemias. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 18. Pathophysiology of leukocytes for dentists. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 19. Pathophysiology of blood clotting for dentists. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 20. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 21. Pathophysiology of glomerular and tubular functions. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 22. Acute renal failures. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 23. Chronic renal failure, uremia. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 24. Pathophysiology of uremia for dentists. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 25. Abnormalities of pH regulation: metabolic disorders. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 26. Abnormalities of pH regulation: respiratory disorders. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 27. Pathophysiology of salt and water balance. - Dr. Balaskó Márta
• 28. Pathophysiology of osmoregulation. - Dr. Balaskó Márta

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Székely Miklós (editor) Basic concepts in pathopysiology. Medicina Publishing House Budapest, 2019.

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture and seminar slides will be uploaded to TEAMS.

Notes

M. Székely (ed.): Basic Concepts in Pathophysiology, ÁOK PTE, 2007
http://aok.pte.hu/index.php?page=egyseg&egy_id=150&menu=okt_anyag&nyelv=eng

Recommended literature

Medical Problems in Dentistry, ed: Crispian Scully, Churchill Livingstone; 7th edition, 2014
S. Silbernagl, F. Lang: Color Atlas of Pathophysiology, Thieme Stuttgart _ New York, 2000

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 15 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

None.

Making up for missed classes

A maximum of 15 % absence is allowed. It corresponds to 4 times 45 minutes.

Exam topics/questions

Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system for dentists.
Causes and forms of heart failure.
High output cardiac failure.
Forward failure symptoms (left- and right-sided) in heart failure.
Backward failure symptoms (left- and right-sided) in heart failure.
Collaps, vasovagal syncope, and other circulatory abnormalities leading to loss of consciousness.
Definition and classification of circulatory shock. Pathophysiology of development, phases and characteristics of microcirculation.
Hypovolemic shock: causes and hemodynamics.
Cardiogenic shock: causes and hemodynamics.
Distributive shock: causes and hemodynamics.
Organ manifestations of shock.
Coronary insufficiency, reversible and irreversible complications. Mechanisms and consequences of chronic ischemic heart disease.
Regulation of cerebral circulation in health and disease. Cerebral hypoxia, ischemia, stroke.
Characteristics of pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary hypertension.
General pathophysiology and classification of systemic hypertension. Age and blood pressure.
Hypertension and the kidneys (reciprocal connection).
Hypertension and the adrenal gland.
Primary hypertension: characteristics and etiological factors.
Consequences of hypertension.
Arrhythmias in the dental practice.
Pathophysiology of the respiratory system for dentists.
Disorders of the control of breathing and sleep-apnea syndrome.
Pathogenesis and mechanisms of partial and global respiratory failure and their consequences.
Alveolar hypoventilation.
Obstructive ventilatory disorders.
Restrictive ventilatory disorders.
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch, alveolo-capillary diffusion disorders.
Forms and mechanisms of hypoxia. Ways of compensation. Cyanosis, CO-poisoning, methemoglobinemia.
Forms, general pathophysiology and consequences of anemia.
Deficiency anemias.
Hemolytic anemias.
Polycythemias.
Pathophysiology of leukocytes for dentists.
Bleeding abnormalities due to platelet or vascular factors.
Congenital and acquired coagulopathies.
Thrombosis: causes and consequences.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Pathophysiology of glomerular filtration, hypofiltration and hyperfiltration.
Disorders of tubular functions.
Hyposthenuria, asthenuria, osmotic diuresis.
Proteinurias: forms, causes and consequences.
Chronic renal failure.
Metabolic disorders and organ dysfunctions in uremia.
Pathophysiology of uremia for dentists.
Acute renal failureCompensation of pH-abnormalities (plasma and intracellular puffers, respiration, kidney) and their disturbances.
Metabolic acidosis: causes, compensation, consequences.
Metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensation, consequences.
Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis: causes, compensation, consequences.
States of decreased extracellular volume, and their consequences.
States of elevated extracellular volume: causes, mechanisms and consequences.
Hyperosmolarity, hypertonicity. Forms, causes, consequences.
Hypotonicity: pathogenesis and consequences.
Disorders of potassium balance. Hypo- and hyperkalemia.


Note: Oral exam on the basis of 3 questions from the list above.

Examiners

• Burzánné Dr. Pétervári Erika
• Dr. Balaskó Márta

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars